Imiqathango yokuwelda kwinqaba yamandla omoya

Kwinkqubo yokwenziwa kwenqaba yamandla omoya, i-welding yinkqubo ebaluleke kakhulu. Umgangatho we-welding uchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo umgangatho wemveliso yenqaba. Ngoko ke, kuyimfuneko ukuqonda izizathu ze-weld defects kunye neendlela ezahlukeneyo zokuthintela.

1. Umngxuma womoya kunye nokufakwa kwe-slag
I-Porosity: I-Porosity ibhekiselele kumngxuma owenziweyo xa irhasi ekwidama elinyibilikisiweyo ingaphumi phambi kokuqina kwesinyithi kwaye ihlala kwi weld. Irhasi yayo inokufunxwa lichibi elinyibilikisiweyo ukusuka ngaphandle, okanye isenokuveliswa ngokusabela kwinkqubo yesinyithi esinyibilikisiweyo.
(1) Izizathu eziphambili zemingxuma yomoya: kukho umhlwa, i-oyile ye-oyile, njl njl kumphezulu wesiseko sesinyithi okanye isinyithi sokuzalisa, kwaye ubungakanani bemingxuma yomoya iya kwanda ukuba intonga ye-welding kunye ne-flux ayomiswanga, kuba i-rust, i-oil stain, kunye nokufuma kwi-coating kunye ne-flux yentonga ye-welding ibola ibe yigesi kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu, inyusa umxholo we-gas-temperature kwi-gas. I-welding line energy incinci kakhulu, kwaye isantya sokupholisa se-pool etyhidiweyo sikhulu, esingenakulungele ukuphunyuka kwegesi. I-deoxidation enganeleyo yentsimbi ye-weld iya kwandisa i-oxygen porosity.
(2) Ubungozi bemingxuma yokuvuthela: imingxuma yokuvuthela inciphisa indawo esebenzayo yecandelo le-weld kwaye ikhulule i-weld, ngaloo ndlela inciphisa amandla kunye neplastiki yokudibanisa kunye nokubangela ukuvuza. I-porosity ikwangunobangela obangela uxinzelelo. I-Hydrogen porosity inokuba negalelo ekuqhekekeni okubandayo.

Amanyathelo othintelo:

a. Susa i-oil stain, i-rust, amanzi kunye ne-sundries kwi-welding wire, i-groove esebenzayo kunye neendawo zayo ezikufutshane.
b. I-alkaline welding rods kunye ne-fluxes ziya kusetyenziswa kwaye zomiswe kakuhle.
c. Uqhagamshelo lwe-DC reverse kunye ne-arc welding emfutshane iya kwamkelwa.
D.Preheat phambi kwewelding ukucothisa isantya sokupholisa.
E. Ukuwelda kuya kuqhutywa kunye neenkcukacha ezinamandla.

I-crackle
Amanyathelo okuthintela iintanda zekristale:
a. Ukunciphisa umxholo wezinto ezinobungozi ezifana ne-sulfure kunye ne-phosphorus, kunye ne-weld ngezinto ezinomxholo ophantsi wekhabhoni.
b. Izinto ezithile ze-alloy zongezwa ukunciphisa iikristale zekholomu kunye nokwahlula. Umzekelo, i-aluminiyam kunye nentsimbi zinokucokisa iinkozo.
c. I-weld enokungena okungenzulwanga iya kusetyenziselwa ukuphucula imeko yokulahla ubushushu ukuze indawo ephantsi yokunyibilika idada phezu komphezulu we weld kwaye ingabikho kwi weld.
d. Iimpawu ze-welding ziya kukhethwa ngokufanelekileyo, kwaye ukufudumeza kwangaphambili kunye nokufudumala kuya kwamkelwa ukunciphisa izinga lokupholisa.
e. Yamkela ulandelelwano lwendibano olufanelekileyo ukunciphisa uxinzelelo lwe-welding.

Amanyathelo okuthintela iintanda kwakhona:
a. Nikelani ingqalelo kwimpembelelo yokomeleza izinto ze-metallurgical kunye nefuthe labo kwi-reheat cracks.
b. Ukufudumala kwangaphambili ngokufanelekileyo okanye sebenzisa i-afterheat ukulawula izinga lokupholisa.
c. Nciphisa uxinzelelo olushiyekileyo ukuze ugweme uxinzelelo.
d. Ngexesha lobushushu, thintela indawo ebuthathaka yobushushu bokutshisa kwakhona iintanda okanye unciphise ixesha lokuhlala kule ndawo yobushushu.

Amanyathelo okuthintela iintanda ezibandayo:
a. I-hydrogen ephantsi yodidi lwe-alkaline welding intonga iya kusetyenziswa, yomiswe ngokungqongqo, igcinwe kwi-100-150 ℃, kwaye isetyenziswe xa ithathwa.
b. Ukushisa kwe-preheating kuya kwandiswa, amanyathelo okufudumala kweposi aya kuthathwa, kwaye iqondo lokushisa le-interpass aliyi kuba ngaphantsi kweqondo lokushisa. Inkcazo ye-welding efanelekileyo iya kukhethwa ukuphepha izakhiwo ezinqabileyo kunye ezinzima kwi-weld.
c. Khetha ulandelelwano lwe-welding olufanelekileyo ukunciphisa i-welding deformation kunye noxinzelelo lwe-welding.
d. Ukuqhuba unyango lobushushu bokuphelisa i-hydrogen ngexesha emva kwe-welding