Kwinkqubo yokwenziwa kwenqaba yamandla omoya, ukuwelda yinkqubo ebaluleke kakhulu. Umgangatho wokuwelda uchaphazela ngqo umgangatho wemveliso yenqaba. Ke ngoko, kuyimfuneko ukuqonda izizathu zeziphene zokuwelda kunye namanyathelo okuthintela ahlukeneyo.
1. Umngxuma womoya kunye nokufakwa kwe-slag
Ukuvuleka: Ukuvuleka kubhekisa kumgodi owenziweyo xa igesi echibini elinyibilikisiweyo ingaphumi ngaphambi kokuba isinyithi siqine kwaye ihlala kwi-weld. Igesi yayo inokufunxwa yichibi elinyibilikisiweyo livela ngaphandle, okanye ingaveliswa yimpendulo kwinkqubo yokuwelda isinyithi.
(1) Izizathu eziphambili zemingxunya yomoya: kukho umhlwa, ibala leoyile, njl.njl. kumphezulu wesinyithi esisisiseko okanye isinyithi esizalisayo, kwaye ubungakanani bemingxunya yomoya buya kwanda ukuba intonga yokuwelda kunye ne-flux azomiswanga, kuba umhlwa, ibala leoyile, kunye nokufuma okukwingubo kunye ne-flux yentonga yokuwelda kuyabola kube yigesi kubushushu obuphezulu, okwandisa umxholo wegesi kwisinyithi esinobushushu obuphezulu. Amandla omgca wokuwelda mancinci kakhulu, kwaye isantya sokupholisa sedama elinyibilikisiweyo sikhulu, nto leyo engayivumeliyo ukuba igesi iphume. Ukungabikho ngokwaneleyo kwe-deoxidation yesinyithi sokuwelda kuya kwandisa i-oxygen porosity.
(2) Ukulimala kwemingxuma yokuvuthela: imingxunya yokuvuthela inciphisa indawo esebenzayo yengxuma yokuvuthela ize ikhulule ingxuma yokuvuthela, ngaloo ndlela inciphisa amandla kunye nokuqina kwelungu kwaye ibangele ukuvuza. Ukuvuthela imingxuma kukwayinto ebangela uxinzelelo. Ukuvuthela imingxuma ye-hydrogen kunokubangela ukuqhekeka komkhenkce.
Amanyathelo okuthintela:
a. Susa ibala leoyile, umhlwa, amanzi kunye nezinto ezomileyo kwintambo yokuwelda, umngxuma osebenzayo kunye neendawo ezikufutshane.
b. Iintonga zokuwelda ze-alkaline kunye neefluxes mazisetyenziswe kwaye zomiswe kakuhle.
c. Kufuneka kusetyenziswe uqhagamshelo olubuyela umva lwe-DC kunye nokuwelda kwe-arc emfutshane.
D. Fudumeza ngaphambi kokuba udibanise ukuze unciphise isantya sokupholisa.
E. Ukuwelda kufuneka kwenziwe ngeenkcukacha eziqinileyo.
I-Crackle
Amanyathelo okuthintela ukuqhekeka kwekristale:
a. Nciphisa umxholo wezinto ezinobungozi ezifana nesalfure kunye ne-phosphorus, uze udibanise ngezinto ezinomxholo ophantsi wekhabhoni.
b. Izinto ezithile ze-alloy zongezwa ukunciphisa iikristale zekholamu kunye nokwahlukana. Umzekelo, i-aluminium kunye nentsimbi zinokucoca iinkozo.
c. I-weld enokungena okungaphantsi kobushushu kufuneka isetyenziselwe ukuphucula imeko yokusasazeka kobushushu ukuze izinto ezisezantsi zokunyibilika zintante kumphezulu we-weld kwaye zingabikho kwi-weld.
d. Iinkcukacha zokuwelda kufuneka zikhethwe ngokufanelekileyo, kwaye kufuneka kusetyenziswe ukufudumeza kwangaphambili kunye nokufudumeza emva koko ukuze kuncitshiswe izinga lokupholisa.
e. Sebenzisa ulandelelwano olufanelekileyo lokuhlanganisa ukuze unciphise uxinzelelo lokuwelda.
Amanyathelo okuthintela ukuphinda kufudumale iintanda:
a. Nika ingqalelo kwimpembelelo yokuqinisa izinto zesinyithi kunye nempembelelo yazo ekufudumaleni kwakhona kwemifantu.
b. Fudumeza kwangaphambili okanye usebenzise emva kobushushu ukulawula izinga lokupholisa.
c. Nciphisa uxinzelelo olushiyekileyo ukuze uphephe ukugxila kuxinzelelo.
d. Ngexesha lokupholisa, phepha indawo enobushushu obubuthathaka yokufudumeza kwakhona imifantu okanye unciphise ixesha lokuhlala kule ndawo yobushushu.
Amanyathelo okuthintela ukuqhekeka komkhuhlane:
a. Intonga yokuwelda ye-alkaline yohlobo lwe-hydrogen ephantsi kufuneka isetyenziswe, yomiswe ngokungqongqo, igcinwe kwi-100-150 ℃, kwaye isetyenziswe xa ithathwa.
b. Ubushushu bokufudumeza kwangaphambili bumele bunyuswe, amanyathelo emva kokufudumeza emva kobushushu amele athathwe, kwaye ubushushu bokunqumla phakathi kwezixhobo bungamele bube ngaphantsi kobushushu bokufudumeza kwangaphambili. Inkcazelo efanelekileyo yokuwelda kufuneka ikhethwe ukuze kuthintelwe izakhiwo ezibuthathaka neziqinileyo kwi-weld.
c. Khetha ulandelelwano olufanelekileyo lokuwelda ukuze unciphise ukuguquguquka kokuwelda kunye noxinzelelo lokuwelda.
d. Yenza unyango lokususa i-hydrogen ngexesha emva kokuwelda
Ixesha lokuthumela: Novemba-08-2022